Bilateral femoral arteriography was performed in all cases. [This technique is described in the paper along with remarkable pictures of plaque in human arteries.]
Case/Age | Diagnosis | Time observed in Days | Change in Plaques | Cholesterol before mg/% | Cholesterol after mg/% | Symptom Changes | score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/72 | Severe peripheral atherosclerosis | 176 days | 2 plaques bigger, 2 unchanged | N/A | N/A | Impending gangrene | |
2/74 | Severe peripheral atherosclerosis | 70 days | 4 plaques bigger; multiple small plaques unchanged | 332 mg/% | 290 mg/% | No Change | |
3/63 | Diabetes | 70 days | No Change | 240 mg/% | 278 mg/% | No Change | |
4/77 | Atherosclerotic Heart Disease, diabetes | 82 days | No Change | 216 %/mg | 232 mg/% | No Chnage | |
5/59 | Severe periph. atherosclerosis | 172 days | 1 plaque bigger | N/A | N/A | Required amputation | |
6/62 | Diabetes | 192 days | No Change | 332 mg/% | 287 mg/% | No Change |
None of the patients, with the exception of diabetics, was given any special diet. The treated group were given 500 mg of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) orally (three times a day) but otherwise were the same as the control group.
Case/Age | Diagnosis | Time observed in Days | Change in Plaques | Cholesterol before mg/% | Cholesterol after mg/% | Symptom Changes | score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7/69 | Severe atherosclerotic heart disease | 62 days | 3 plaques bigger, 2 unchanged | 350 mg/% | 262 mg/% | Died 1 month later of pneumonia | |
8*/59 | Severe periph. atherosclerosis Amp. left. | 172 days | 2 plaques smaller | 375 mg/% | 360 mg/% | No Change | |
9/72 | Periph atherosclerosis, Imp. gangrene | 136 days | 3 plaques smaller, 3 unchanged | N/A | N/A | Claudication decreased | |
10*/58 | Old myocardial infarction | 125 days | 2 plaques bigger, several unchanged | 323 mg/% | 287 mg/% | No Changed | |
11/56 | Diabetes, Xanthomatosis. Ang. pectoris | 110 days | 7 plaques smaller, 7 unchanged | 312 %mg | 216,240,240 %/mg | Xanthomata softer and less painful but same size | |
12*/64 | Hypercholesterolaemia, Old myocardial infarction | 105 days | 6 plaques bigger, 2 unchanged | 560to435 %/mg | 485 %/mg | No change | |
13/65 | Old myocardial inf. Cerebral thrombosis | 116 days | 5 plaques unchanged | 258 %/mg | 255 %/mg | No Change | |
14/61 | Diabetes. Old myocardial inf. | 96 days | 1 plaque smaller, multiple unchanged | 255 %/mg | 312 | No Change | |
15*/55 | Diabetes | 100 days | 1 plaque smaller, 6 unchanged | 221 %/mg | 248 %/mg | No Change | |
16/63 | Angina pectoris | 155 days | 3 plaques smaller, multiple unchanged | 292 %/mg | 390 %/mg | Angina much less |
Notes: * These cases in error each had a period up to 3 weeks without therapy. All others had continuous therapy.
Experiment | Total Animals | With atherosclerosis | Without atherosclerosis | Average degree of atherosclerosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Scorbutogenic diet 42 days with ascorbic acid added from the beginning | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
Scorbutogenic diet for periods of from 21 to 30 days | 27 | 11 | 16 | 2.5+ |
Scorbutogenic diet for 21 to 30 days, then ascorbic acid for 1 to 5 days | 25 | 9 | 16 | 2.5+ |
Scorbutogenic diet for 21 to 30 days, then ascorbic acid for 7 to 27 days | 25 | 7 | 18 | 2.5+ |
A correlation is made between the atherosclerosis of the scorbutic guinea-pig and that observed in man, and the results of a previous study of ascorbic acid therapy in human atherosclerosis."
Diet | Number of Animals | Plasma Cholesterol Range | Average Plasma Cholesterol | Fat staining of spleen | Number of Animals with atherosclerosis | Number of Animals without Atherosclerosis | Average Degree of Atherosclerosis in those having it |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chronic scorbutic | 20 | 23 to 120 mg.% | 80.5 mg.% | 0 | 9 | 11 | 2.5+ |
Chronic scorbutic with oral ascorbic acid | 22 | 26 to 106 mg.% | 53.5 mg.% | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
Chronic scorbutic with oral ascorbic acid and cholesterol | 18 | 41 to 270 mg.% | 162 mg.% | 3+ | 16 | 2 | 2.5 + |
Chronic scorbutic with intra-peritoneal ascorbic acid and cholesterol | 18 | 85 to 301 mg.% | 179.4 mg.% | 2+ | 7 | 11 | 1.6+ |
Acute Scrobutic | 32 | 17 to 80 mg.% | 42 mg.% | 0 | 19 | 13 | 2+ |
Acute Scorbutic with oral ascorbic acid | 16 | 23 to 77 mg.% | 40 mg.% | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
Acute scorbutic with cholesterol | 11 | Not Done | Not Done | 3+ | 11 | 0 | 2.6+ |
Acute scorbutic with oral ascorbic acid and cholesterol | 8 | Not done | Not done | 3+ | 4 | 4 | 2+ |
case | Diagnosis | Hours after death | Sex | Age | Ascorbic Acid content of aorta mg/100 gm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fatal crush injury of neck | 4 | M | 25 | 3.0 |
2 | Electrocution | 10 | M | 25 | 2.0 |
3 | Drowning | 3 | F | 25 | 0.7 |
4 | Factured skull and ribs | 12 | M | 45 | 1.6 |
5 | Fractured skull | 10 | M | 45 | 3.5 |
6 | Poisoning, nature unknown | 18 | M | 48 | 0.7 |
7 | Cause unknown | 12 | M | 49 | 1.5 |
8 | Cause unknown | 4 | M | 50 | 0.5 |
9 | Carbon Monoxide poisoning | 4 | F | 51 | 1.4 |
10 | Sudden death due to Myocardial Infarction | 2 | M | 56 | 1.3 |
11 | Sudden death due to Myocardial Infarction | 6 | M | 60 | 1.0 |
12 | Sudden death due to Myocardial Infarction | 5 | M | 65 | 0.9 |
Case | Diagnosis | Ascorbic Acid Therapy | Hours after death | Sex | Age | Ascorbic Acid content of aorta |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13 | Infectious hepatitis | 2.5 I.V. over 5 days | 20 | M | 40 | 2.8 |
14 | Post-op gasterectomy for bleeding ulcer | 2.0 gm I. V. over 4 days | 2 | M | 50 | 3.5 |
15 | Tabes dorsails, Bleeding gastric ulcer | 12 gm I. V. over 12 days | 14 | M | 55 | 1.9 |
16 | Hepatoma | 1.5 gm I. V. over 1 day | 8 | M | 62 | 1.7 |
17 | Carcinoma floor of mouth | .5 gm I. V 5 days prior to death | 15 | M | 69 | 0.8 |
Case | Diagnosis | Hours after death | Sex | Age | Aorta | Carotid Sinus | Int carotid |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 | Haemangioperieytome of vulva | 7 | F | 18 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
19 | Staph. septicaemia | 15 | M | 19 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
20 | Thalamic tumour | 9 | F | 19 | 1.0 | --- | --- |
21 | Uraemia, chronic globerulonephritis | 13 | M | 23 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 2.4 |
22 | Diabetes, Staph. septicaemia | 20 | F | 51 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
23 | Bronchogenia carcinoma | 16 | M | 55 | 0.9 | --- | --- |
24 | Carcinoma head of pancreas | 12 | M | 57 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 5.2 |
25 | Bronchogenia carcinoma | 15 | M | 59 | 0 | --- | --- |
26 | Myocardial infarc., hypercholesteroliama | 12 | F | 59 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
27 | Carcinoma of tongue | 15 | M | 60 | 0 | --- | --- |
28 | Hypertension | 12 | F | 62 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 4.3 |
29 | Bronchogenia carcinoma | 41 | M | 63 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.7 |
30 | Diabetes, hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage | 26 | F | 65 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
31 | Thrombosis of the r.int. carotid artery | -- | M | 66 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 |
32 | Uraemia, chronic globerrulonephritis | 8 | M | 66 | 0.5 | --- | 0.7 |
33 | Staph. pyogenes bronchopneumonia | 13 | F | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
34 | Thrombosis of the r.int. carotid artery | 7 | M | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
35 | Cerebral astrocytoma | 2 | M | 80 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
36 | Prostatic carcinoma | 4 | M | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
37 | Bronchopneumonia | 11 | F | 87 | 0 | --- | --- |